Big oil companies and smaller U.S. upstarts are plotting sharply divergent paths as they plan spending for 2017 after a modest recovery in crude prices. While shale-oil drillers are boldly raising annual budgets to come roaring back in Texas, New Mexico and North Dakota, international oil giants such as Exxon Mobil Corp., Chevron Corp., Royal Dutch Shell PLC and BP PLC are planning to hold back spending, charting a cautious path to…